Sains Malaysiana 53(9)(2024): 3085-3095

http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2024-5309-14

Fitness and Survival of the Fall Armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on Maize in West Java, Indonesia

(Kecergasan dan Kemandirian Ulat Ratus, Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) pada Jagung di Jawa Barat, Indonesia)

AGUS SUSANTO¹, WIWIN SETIAWATI^2,*, AGUS MUHARAM², BAGUS KUKUH UDIARTO², TARKUS SUGANDA¹& SYIFA NABILAH SUBAKTI PUTRI¹

¹Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran University (Unpad), Jatinangor, Sumedang, 45363, Indonesia

²Research Center for Horticulture, National Research and Innovation Agency, Cibinong Science Center, Jl. Raya Jakarta-Bogor, Pakansari, Cibinong Km 46, Bogor, West Java 16915, Indonesia

Diserahkan: 4 April 2024/Diterima: 30 Julai2024

Abstract

An important pest of maize is a new invasive species called Spodoptera frugiperda, also known as the fall armyworm (FAW), causing a considerable economic impact in Indonesia since 2019. This insect has a large host range, a quick generation time at the right temperature, a high rate of reproduction, and a high dispersal capacity. In population ecology and pest management, fitness and survival are crucial. This research was aimed to determine some biological aspects and demographic statistics of three FAW populations (lowland, midland, and highland) in a laboratory setting with 25 ± 2 °C, 75 ± 5% relative humidity, and a 12:12 (L:D) hour photoperiod. Findings indicated no variation in the length of the FAW life stage or its reproductive capacity. Nonetheless, notable variations were noted in the average fecundity of females, with FAW of the highland population laying the most eggs (1242.1 eggs). FAW had the shortest mean generation time (T), the highest intrinsic rate of increase (r_m), the finite rate of increase (λ), and the highest net reproductive rate (R₀) of the highland population. Overall FAW collected from highland, midland, and lowland can adapt well when brought to a laboratory with a constant temperature at 25 ± 2 °C without detriment to the parameters of the life table. The knowledge gained from this study is crucial for managing FAW because it improves comprehension of its life cycle and adaptability to various altitudes, enabling us to take appropriate action to stop its spread.

Keywords: Adaptability; highland; lowland; midland; Spodoptera frugiperda

Abstrak

Salah satu serangga perosak utama pada jagung adalah spesies invasif baru dikenali sebagai Spodoptera frugiperda atau dikenali dengan nama ulat ratus, yang memberikan impak ekonomi yang cukup besar di Indonesia sejak tahun 2019. Serangga ini mempunyai julat perumah yang besar, masa penjanaan yang cepat pada suhu yang betul, kadar pembiakan yang tinggi dan kapasiti penyebaran yang tinggi. Dalam ekologi populasi dan pengurusan perosak, kecergasan dan kemandirian adalah penting. Penyelidikan ini bertujuan untuk menentukan beberapa aspek biologi dan statistik demografi tiga populasi FAW (tanah rendah, tanah tengah dan tanah tinggi) dalam persekitaran makmal dengan 25 ± 2 °C, 75 ± 5% kelembapan relatif dan 12:12 (L: D) tempoh fotokala. Penemuan menunjukkan tiada variasi dalam panjang peringkat hayat FAW atau kapasiti pembiakannya. Walau bagaimanapun, variasi ketara telah dicatatkan dalam kesuburan purata betina, dengan FAW daripada populasi tanah tinggi bertelur paling banyak (1242.1 telur). FAW mempunyai masa penjanaan min (T) terpendek, kadar kenaikan intrinsik tertinggi (rm), kadar peningkatan terhingga (λ) dan kadar pembiakan bersih tertinggi (R₀) penduduk tanah tinggi. FAW keseluruhan yang dikumpul dari tanah tinggi, tanah tengah dan tanah pamah boleh menyesuaikan diri dengan baik apabila dibawa ke makmal dengan suhu malar pada 25 ± 2 °C tanpa menjejaskan parameter jadual hayat. Pengetahuan yang diperoleh daripada kajian ini adalah penting untuk mengurus FAW kerana ia meningkatkan pemahaman kitaran hayatnya dan kebolehsuaian kepada pelbagai ketinggian, membolehkan kami mengambil tindakan yang sewajarnya untuk menghentikan penyebarannya.

Kata kunci: Kebolehsuaian; Spodoptera frugiperda; tanah rendah; tanah tengah; tanah tinggi

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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: asusanto@unpad.ac.id